lbp concept art

Functions and componments in game engines

AI

AI Agents

AI are in a range of different games such as Gta 4, in Gta 4 the AI react to a range of different things such as weather, gun fire, cars heading towards them, explosions and much more they way they do this is by say it was sunny the AI would be happily walking along but then it suddenly started to rain the AI would get raincoats and umbrellas out, Also AI in some games have their own life cycle for example they might do something at a certain time/point in the game like walk behind a building or go talking to a other character. Npc's in game help alot for example Call Of Duty in the single  player you play along side Npc's and you also fight them Npc's work around FPS and have more accurate shots than a human. 

AI Behaviours

Bodily behaviors are high-priority things like resting, sleeping, eating, pooping, etc. These are chosen randomly, which also selects an action a large proportion of the time. When the bodily behaviors fail, the root selector falls back to the active behaviors. These are walking around, running, etc. When the active behaviors fail, the next fallbacks are passive behaviors. For example, this involves sitting, lying, standing idle, etc. This is another probability selector, but this one never fails since there is no more fallbacks.Most behaviour-based systems are also reactive, which means they use relatively little internal variable state to model the environment. For instance, there is no programming in the robot of what a chair looks like, or what kind of surface the robot is moving on - all the information is gleaned from the input of the robot's sensors. The robot uses that information to react to the changes in its environment.

World Navigation

       World navigation is basically getting from one point of the map to the other, it is usually in games with big open world enviroments such as minecraft or Arma, in Arma you are given a mini map to navigate around the map and help you get to your destination or checkpoint, but it does not tend to give you the quickest root that is for you to find out. Fuzzy logic can be used in many different ways it can be used to control bots or NPC's or it could help prevent an attack of a player.

Animation Systems in Game Engines

Path-Based

A path based animation is basically the movement of a character for example and how long and how many frames it would take to get from one point toanother,path based animation usally stays the same size once in movement but it can change sizes but rarely does,any object that is going to be used in a game such as a chair or a car has to be simple and basic this helps with animateing it, most NPC's if not all are animated using path based animation.

Kinematics

Kinematics is the motion of bodies without taking in to much force,mainly their are 2 different spaces used in kinematics, altogether there are 4 main point but with just two if them they can be transformed into a rotation, there are a number of different ways to show rotation such as euler angles

Forward Kinematics
Forward Kinematics is basically mapping out from joint space Q to Cartesian space W,—Forward kinematics problems are not complexity deriving the equations this is why there is
always a forward kinematics, in forward kinematics —Singularities and nonlinearities  make a problem more harder to solve.

Inverse Kinematics
Inverse Kinematics is the completely oppiste from forward kinematics this is because it is mapping out from W to Q and not Q to W,Inverse Kinematics is a much more harder problem to solve than forward kinematics,—The inverse kinematics problems of the serial manipulators has been studied for many decades. It is needed in the control of manipulators.

       Partical Systems 

       Particals in games are used for a range of different things such as smoke, fires, water etc... they are used to make a game look visual amazing and can create some amazing effects in games such as in the game arma 3 in this game the water looks really nice and also fires and smoke look really realistic.

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Graphic Rendering In Game Engines

Anti Aliasing

 Anti Aliasing in games is basically objects or environments that are jagged are made smoother to make the game look more realistic and to make the game look that bit more great.but there is a down side to using this because the game will be more higher rendered the frame rate of the game will drop which could then effect the game play.   

Shadowing

In games shadowing is basically light that is shining onto a object or a character resulting in a shadow, this makes the gaming experience that much more better basically making the game more realistic, but the higher the shadow quality the slower the frame rate and the poorer the game play.  

Level Of Detail
In games the level of detail is how something looks within the game if this something was at a high quality then naturally the game would perform slower,this is why graphical rendering is applied when the character is far away from the object it wont render to a high quality untill the character is closer to the object.  

Ray Tracing
Ray tracing is trying to get an image by tracing the source of light through pixels  this makes a great effect and is the one of the best ways because the image at the end of it is to a very high stranded. 

Radioisty
Radioisty is an object like glass that illuminates a light source then creating shadows onto other objects giving the game a more realistic approach, this makes the game a more high quality but because of this the game will run slow. 

Depth-Testing

Depth-testing is a process used by game engine's to help the player indicate which objects are visible to them and which are not because they’re behind other objects.Games in the recent years render a lot more than they did a few years ago depth testing has become so much more advanced. 

The Graphics Pipeline

The Graphics pipeline is something that turns a 3D image into a 2D image,

some of the stages are:

•       Bus interface/Front End,

•       Vertex Processing,

•       Clipping.

this has been developed further in recent years because of the high demanding games and the high standers games are made at. 

                                              

Pixel shaders and Vertex shaders 

A pixel shaders is not to a high detail like vertex but it is a GPU that can be programmed to operate on a per pixel basis. a vertex shader is much more complex it can allow that can allow a cartoony look to somthing even though it use's the same things as pixel shaders 

Fogging
Fog in games allows objects to be hidden away or barely visible but fog doesnt just allow that it also allows a scary feel to the game and can also provide cover just like in the game Guns of Icuras in this game dust/fog allows the ship to stay in cover for a certain amount of time.  

Textures

Textures are applied to an object like a character a texture can also be applied onto a 2D shape but it wont have the same effect as a 3D shape, Texturing allows a object to have color instead of being one set color. 

 Lighting
In games lighting can create a lot of different effects in games like in Mario it is all bright a colorful and everything seems happy but in a game like batman everything is dark and serious this lighting effect allows gamers to feel for the game and be apart of it instead of just playing it. 

 Back face culling
because meshes are hollow not solid objects, The backside of the object will mainly be facing the camera so like the ios game temple run there is no need to draw face's because all you have to see is the backside of the character.

 Contribution culling
In games often their are images that are that far away from the camera that there is no need for them in the game but if they are displayed on a small screen they are not shown up at all.

 Occlusion culling
Items or objects behind somthing might be culled, it helps the rendering side of the game and stops the frame rate from going down because the game does not have to render the item as such yet.

Systems in Game Engines

Physics

The physics engine play's a massive part in the game because it allows the gaming experience that much better, the physics engine lets the game provide such things as grass moving in the wind or water moving down a river, in such games as Fifa physics play a different part in them sort of games, in Fifa physics works by the ball control, the shot/goal and it should help where the ball will end up if a player kicks it.

Limitations on Physics Engines 

In the game industry at in the moment of time physics engines have developed so much that sometimes there can be very funny hiccups like a player falling trough the map or an object not working.These effects can be prevented but it takes an extensive amount of CPU to process these calculations.

Effects – Subsurface Scattering

Subsurface scattering, here are a few engines that have surface scattering, cry engine 3,Confetti RawK etc... these engines use a thing called Space Subsurface Scattering or SSS for short, this allows light to travel through objects.

Caustics

Caustics is an addon to  rendering that calculates photons of light that is staring at a light source which can be reflected, refracted, bounced of mirrors. basically caustics allows light or reflections to rebound of things like mirrors.

Networking

Networking is a range of different computers that allows something to run on it, without the networking nothing will work, networking plays a massive part in all of the game engine its self, networking gives of information that allows things to work within the engine. 

Sound

Sound is very important within a game engine, it can be used in different ways such as background music and this can sell a game for example Halo this has to have one of the most famous music sound tracks of all time but its not all about background/start up music there are many other ways sound can be used like sound effects example guns,explosions etc.. an example of a game would be Guns of Icarus in this game there are alot of great sound effects of the guns being fired and the boat being repaired, but that's not all with sound in some games there are things like button sound like if someone clicks a button it would make a sound this is also a very nice feature to games and it can make games that much better. 

Networking in game engines

A Network is basically a group of engines that allows people to play online like such game halo call of duty, god of war insetion, these games are all mmo type of games and networking allows this to happen in game. 

Middleware

Middleware is computer software that provides services to software applications that are beyond  those available from the operating system. Middleware is described as software glue.Middleware is like the thing that brings everything together that is why it is sometimes referenced as glue. 

banned game

This scene in modern war fare 2 is possibly one of the most controversial things to happen in the gaming history, the way you are a terrorist killing people in an airport i not  really a very smart thing to put in a game the first reason this is bad is because it will dam right scare people from airports and the second reason terrorism is the worst fear for people.

Though this mission was given the option to skip, anyone could of played as the little option of skipping could easily be ignored by a young child this is can not be tolerated as it would scar the minds of the young people. 

The mission was removed from certain counties due to how distressing the content with, typically within the series you're fighting against bad guys who have guns and are shooting at you where as this it's innocent people posing no threat to anyone and yet you have to slaughter the, seeing as kids are very influential they may deem something like this as ok and just ordinary therefore numbing them to similar things that may happen in reality.

2 game reviews

Kerwhizz Game

This is a game on the Ceebies website this game is all about questions and if you get it right you get points but that is not what the game is all about it lets you race at the end of all the questions so even though most of the game is questions it allows some fun at the end of the game.also what is good about this game is it is based on the child show witch really helps them get into the game more. I really like the fact the game puts learning first and then fun it teaches the child to do this in life and progress in there learning life, the overall look of the game is a typical game for a young child very bright and very colorful this is what a game for young ones should look like the game should also interest them this game also does that by basing the game on a TV show, this is a game that i would say is amined for 5-7 year old this is because of the questions that are asked and the colour scheme. If this game could be improved i would say the cut scene's i feel for a game that is aimed for 5-7 year old that there are too many cut scenes and the child will get bored when playing the game. This game is designed around the TV show Kerwhizz so the game looks just like the TV show i think this is a great thing because its something that the child will recognize.      

Whack attack 

This game is game that is on the KS3 bitesize website this is a game where you have to answer questions on a subject of your choice (English,Math or science) and instead of just a question and answer this game allows the child to choose there answer through a picture i feel that this is a good idea because it gets the child thinking and gets them more interacted with the game, this has a high age range because of the difficultly of the questions and the over all design of the game. This game could be improved by adding in some fun into it to me it seems just to be question after question and i know it is for KS3 but they will still get bored of doing question after question. This game is aimed for 8-10 year old's this is because of the difficulty of the questions and the look of the overall game. This game has a very basic look but it still has some key assets witch i like about it, it is still very plain but then again it is for KS3 children   

My Character bio

Pip is from the town of Zipp she loves to do her job as a cleaner at the meatal plant, she really enjoys liveing in the town zipp she is well known arounf the town but not always for a good reason, Pip is very forgettful she is always forgetting things like going to work or like birthdays so most of the town make fun of her, Pip has one friend called fifi she is a small broken down robot who lives in the mental plant fifi was aboandond as a small robot and she never knew her mum and dad untill Pip came into her life, Pip as the loveing robot she is took fifi in and they became best friends. Pip doesnt know her mum and dad all she knows is that they went to fight in the galatic war leaveing Pip behind she has learnt how to look after herself but she is not very confident and she doesnt really talk to anyone apart frok fifi.
Name:Pip

Alias:

Height: 7ft

Weight:7 stone

Sex: Male

Eye colour: Yellow

Hair colour: Stainless Steel

Glasses or contact lenses: None 

Nationality: Zeccone

Skin colour: Stainless steel

Shape of face: round

Clothing: None

Mannerisms: Wals a bit funny because of a injury that he had a few years ago

Health: Very good                                                    

Mental Health: Scared/lost 

Habits: forgetting major things in his life

Hobbies: Walking around his home planet zipp

Favourite sayings: 'Shoot' 'Why always me'  

Voice: robotic with a slight squek to it

Walking style: slight limp in the right leg 

Disabilities: None

Characters greatest flaw:Forgetful 

Characters best quality: looking after what he loves best and always fighting for the people he loves

Home town: zipp

Current residents: zipp

Occupation: Works as a cleaner in a small metal plant

Income: none 120000rm py

Talents skills: 

Family status: lost both mum and dad

Character as a child: Pip

Character as an adult: Pip

educational background: never went to school grew up on her own

intelligence level: 140

 characters goals: to find out if her mum and dad are still alive

 self esteem: very low 

confidence: Pip is a character that has hardly any confidence

emotional state:

Motivation:

Happiness:

Relationships: single  

 Fear: looseing

introvert extrovert

The Joker Bio

The Joker



Basic statistics

Name:The Joker

Alias: Jack Napier

Height: 6ft

Weight:160 lbs (73 kg)

Sex: Male 

Eye colour: Green

Hair colour: Green 

Glasses or contact lenses: None  

Nationality: Irish

Skin colour: White  

Shape of face: Defind shape

Distinguishing features 

Clothing: psychotic  

Mannerisms: The two scars on his face to make his smile bigger. 

Health:  Not very fit but still in good health                                                      

Mental Health: Crazy/Phycopath

Habits: Laughing 

Hobbies: Terrorism  

Favourite sayings: 'Welcome to the mad house'  

Voice: Sqeeky 

Walking style: Sturn Walk  

Disabilities: None  

Characters greatest flaw:

Characters best quality: His Laugh and his Phyco ways.

Social characteristics 

Hometown:

Current residents: Gothem City  

Occupation: Unemployed 

Income: None

Talents skills: Smart  

Family status: His wife got sliced up by the mafia  

Character as a child: Jack Napier

Character as an adult: The Joker

Attributes and Attitude 

educational background:

 

 

intelligence level: 160

 

characters goals: He has no goals all he is about is causing trouble and terror to the city of gothem  

 

 

self esteem: Very high the joker thinks he is the greatest person around  

 

 

confidence: Very Confident he is not afraid to show himself  

 

 

emotional state: lonely the joker lost his wife

Emotional characteristics 

Motivation: To cause as much mayhem and terrer to the city of gothem  

 

 

Happiness: Mad with power  

 

 

Relationships: Widow  

 

 

Fear: ChildHood from his Dads heavy drinking

 

 

introvert extrovert

Spiritual characteristics

Characters involvement in this story 

archetype 

Timeline 

environment

Arcitypes

The Hero

Name: Sonic the hedgehog

Characteristics: Fast,Trustworthy,helpful,caring,brave.humble


Sonic is a werid little hedgehog who trys to help everyone out and protect everyone from doctor egg man, sonic never puts himself before anyonelse. 

Name: Batman

Characteristics: Strong,Trustworthy, helpful,sneaky,role model

Batman is a very sneaky and very smart person he goes around gothem protect everyone from the joker he is a really nice guy and he always puts his life on the line.

The Shadow

Name: doctor egg man

Characteristics: Evil,Twisted,Dopey,Strange,weak

doctor egg man is a very strange guy he is not you ordanary villan he acts very strange and sometimes he doesnt even know what he is doing

Name: The Joker 

Characteristics: Strange,Smart,Evil,Psychopath, 

the joker is a strange guy he likes to tease batman in such a way it winds him up, the joker has many diffrent sayings and he is just a really scary guy.

The Fool   

Name: clap trap

characteristics:stupid,funny,outgoing,robot


Name:Tails

characteristics:fuuny,hedgehog, silly, freindly

The Anima/Abimus

 

Name:Amy

Characteristics: Guloble,vunrible,attention seeker, flirt,

amy is a very flirty character she likes sonic and always gets into danger.













Name:Anikian

Characteristics: Strong,Confuzed,Scared,Brave,Powerful,

Anikian use to be a jedi before he changed his ways and went to the dark side Anikian is a very confuzed and lost character

The Mentor

Name: Bruce wane

characteristics: kind,strong, smart, helpful,

Name: yoda

characteristics: wise,old,strong, magicul

The Trickster

Name:weetley-portal 2

Charcteristics: werid, unrealiable, fuuny, stupid

Name:palpiteen- starswars

Charcteristics: evil,horrible, twisted, cruel